Just my simple answer since I do use both scenarios in my studio among other A/D-D/A (multiples) conversions along various signal-paths... No, you won't hear a difference*. Concentrate on the end result and use any means available.
There will always be all kind of noise all along the way back and forth and actually, the small things some might desperately try to get rid off are the things that makes the MUSIC breathe and organic (unless it was digital clipping, ofcourse, but I think there's always more hiss from opamps than clipping from converters when the signal is 'healthy') AND not to mention most of the time we're playing electric guitars, right? One of the most Lo-Fi instrument there is... ;D
I try to make music, not 'sound'. My workaround on these matters is as following:
"If it sounds fine, it must be fine and I should pay more attention to the tuning of my guitar and what am I actually doing with my fingers. Playing the instrument or playing the gear?" P.s. I am very well aware of the differences and possibilities between XLR and USB but just wanted to point out that this is not a huge issue. Rather a minor inconvenience if the all-digital-path was not available.